臨床理論認為過動與注意力不集中症ADHD起因於腦部強化系統不正常. 以心跳變化及HRV之LF(0.04-0.08Hz)作為強化系統訊號發現兒童8-12歲患有ADHD者其心率反應較正常者低,且其HRV會因回饋行為賞罰而降低(而正常者不會)
Heart rate and reinforcement sensitivity in ADHD.
Luman M, Oosterlaan J, Hyde C, van Meel CS, Sergeant JA.
J Child Psychol Psychiatry.
2007 Sep;48(9):890-8.
Source
Department
of Clinical Neuropsychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, The
Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Both
theoretical and clinical accounts of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) implicate a dysfunctional reinforcement system. This study investigated
heart rate parameters in response to feedback associated with reward and
response cost in ADHD children and controls aged 8 to 12.
METHODS:
Heart
rate responses (HRRs) following feedback and heart rate variability (HRV) in
the low frequency band (.04-.08 Hz), a measure of mental effort, were
calculated during a time production paradigm. Performance was coupled to
monetary gain, loss or feedback-only in a cross-over design.
RESULTS:
Children
with ADHD exhibited smaller HRRs to feedback compared to controls. HRV of
children with ADHD decreased when performance was coupled to reward or response
cost compared to feedback-only. HRV of controls was similar across conditions.
CONCLUSIONS:
Children
with ADHD were characterised by (a) possible
abnormalities in feedback monitoring and (b) motivational deficits, when no
external reinforcement is present.
PMID:
17714374
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]